Local history – Hotel Nibelungen Hof

XANTEN

FROM A ROMAN METROPOLIS TO A VIBRANT CITY ON THE LOWER RHINE

The city of Xanten, located in the Lower Rhine region, looks back on a zistory spanning more than two thousand years and is one of Germany’s most significant historical sites. As early as 2000 B.C., the area along the Rhine was inhabited by early settlers, but it was not until the arrival of the Romans that the city came to play a prominent role in European history.

In the 1st century B.C., Roman legions established fortified military camps along the Rhine. Around 15 B.C., the legionary camp of Vetera, was built on the so-called Fürstenberg near Xanten, becoming one of the most important Roman military centers in Germania. At the same time, a civilian settlement developed there, complete with a harbor, trade, and craft workshops—marking the origins of urban life in Xanten.

COLONIA ULPIA TRAIANA

XANTEN AS A ROMAN METROPOLIS

Under Emperor Trajan, Xanten reached its historical peak around 110 A.D.: The settlement was granted city rights and became Colonia Ulpia Traiana, a Roman city with full civic rights. With a population of around 10,000, a strictly organized street grid, imposing temple complexes, thermal baths, an amphitheater, and a massive city wall, it was one of the most important cities in the province of Lower Germania.

The Rhine, as a transportation and trade route, made Xanten an important hub in the Roman Empire. At the same time, it marked the border with free Germania—a location that presented economic opportunities but also military challenges.

FROM DECLINE TO A MEDIEVAL TOWN

Beginning in the 3rd century A.D., the colonia came under increasing pressure from external attacks and internal crises. Parts of the city were destroyed or abandoned. With the end of Roman rule in the 5th century, the area gradually transformed into a medieval settlement.

A major turning point was the founding of the Viktorstifts in 751. The town regained its importance, was granted city rights in 1228, and developed into a major city on the Lower Rhine. The construction of St. Viktor Cathedral, which began in the 13th century, continues to shape the cityscape to this day and is one of the most impressive structures in the region.

REBUILDING AND LIVING HISTORY

During the Early Modern Period, wars, economic changes, and the shifting course of the Rhine led to setbacks. The near-total destruction of Xanten during World War II was particularly devastating. However, the careful reconstruction preserved the city’s historic character and laid the foundation for its cultural significance today.

Since the 20th century, the Roman past in particular has once again come into focus: The LVR Archaeological Park Xanten and the Roman Museum bring the history of Colonia Ulpia Traiana to life and are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site “Lower Germanic Limes”. Here, visitors can immerse themselves in antiquity in a truly impressive way.

HOTEL NIBELUNGEN HOF

Immerse yourself in Roman history

Set in the heart of this historic area, the Hotel Nibelungen Hof offers the ideal starting point for exploring Xanten and its past. From here, you can easily reach the main attractions—St. Viktor Cathedral, the historic old town, the Archaeological Park, and numerous museums.

The hotel’s time-honored name deliberately draws on the great European tradition of storytelling, blending history, culture, and hospitality. After an eventful day exploring Roman ruins, medieval architecture, and vibrant urban culture, the Nibelungen Hof invites you to unwind and bring your stay to a stylish close.